700c Bike Wheels Explained

Understanding 700c: The Standard Bicycle Wheel Size

Wheel sizing terminology has gotten complicated with all the French legacy measurements, ISO standards, and marketing variations flying around. As someone who’s fitted countless bikes with different wheel sizes and fielded endless compatibility questions, I learned everything there is to know about what 700c actually means and why it matters.

The History of 700c

700c comes from an old French wheel sizing system. The 700 refers to the nominal diameter of the tire in millimeters. The “c” indicates the tire width—in the original French system, tires were labeled a, b, c, and d, with a being narrow and d being wide. Today, 700c usually implies a tire diameter of roughly 622mm.

700c vs Other Sizes

Probably should have led with this section, honestly. Comparing 700c to other sizes helps understand where it fits. 650b is another common size, primarily used in gravel and mountain biking, with a nominal diameter of about 584mm. The traditional 26-inch wheels found on many older bikes and mountain bikes measure about 559mm in diameter.

Compatibility with Frames

Not all bicycle frames are compatible with 700c wheels. It’s essential to ensure the frame supports the wheel size. Road bikes, touring bikes, and hybrids usually support 700c. Mountain bikes and small-framed bikes might not. Always check manufacturer specifications or consult a specialist when unsure.

Advantages of 700c Wheels

700c wheels are known for efficiency and speed. Their larger size allows for smoother rolling, advantageous for long-distance rides. They provide better momentum, making it easier to maintain consistent speed. This makes them a favored choice for road cyclists and enthusiasts.

Tire Options

A wide range of tire options exists for 700c wheels, catering to different riding styles and terrains. For road cycling, slick or smooth tires with minimal tread reduce rolling resistance. For touring or commuting, semi-slick tires with some tread offer better grip and versatility. Cyclocross and gravel bikes use knobbier tires for better traction on rough terrain.

700c and Tubeless Technology

Tubeless tire technology has grown in popularity, eliminating the inner tube and using liquid sealant to maintain air pressure. 700c wheels can be tubeless-ready if the rim supports it. Benefits include fewer flats, smoother rides, and better traction. However, setup can be more complex and might require specific tools and knowledge.

Wheel Materials and Construction

700c wheels come in various materials like aluminum, carbon, and steel. Aluminum is common for its balance of weight and durability. Carbon wheels are lighter and stiffer but more expensive. Steel wheels, though less common, provide a smooth ride but are heavier. Choice depends on budget, riding style, and preferences.

Maintenance and Care

Maintaining 700c wheels involves regular inspection and upkeep. Check tire pressure frequently. Inspect for wear and tear, such as cracks or worn treads. Ensure the wheels are true—spinning without wobbling. Regular cleaning prevents buildup of dirt and grime affecting performance.

Accessories and Upgrades

Numerous accessories exist for 700c wheels—different inner tubes, tire levers, and patch kits. Many cyclists opt for specific tire types matching their riding conditions. Rims can be upgraded to lighter or more aerodynamic versions. Spokes may also be replaced for enhanced durability or performance.

700c in Competitive Cycling

In competitive cycling, 700c wheels dominate. They’re standard in major events like the Tour de France. Professional cyclists prefer them for their balance of speed, efficiency, and handling. Innovations in aerodynamics and materials continue pushing the boundaries of 700c wheel performance in racing.

Choosing 700c for Commuting

For commuting, 700c wheels provide an excellent balance of speed and comfort. They handle a variety of surfaces well, from smooth pavement to rough urban roads. Many commuter bikes are designed around 700c wheels, offering compatibility with various fenders and racks.

Impact on Bicycle Geometry

The size of 700c wheels impacts bicycle geometry—influencing frame design, chainstay length, bottom bracket height, and fork angle. These factors affect handling, stability, and comfort. Proper bike fit and geometry ensure a smoother, more enjoyable ride.

Popular Bicycle Types with 700c Wheels

• Road Bikes: Engineered for speed and efficiency on paved surfaces.
• Touring Bikes: Designed for long-distance travel with options to carry heavy loads.
• Hybrid Bikes: A blend of road and mountain bike features for versatile use.
• Gravel Bikes: Built for off-road and mixed-terrain riding.

That’s what makes 700c such a staple wheel size endearing to us cyclists—it works across so many disciplines and keeps rolling reliably year after year.